Lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid that offers many of the benefits of glycolic acid but in a gentler, more skin friendly way. It is naturally derived from milk sugars and has a larger molecular size, which means it penetrates more slowly and is generally better tolerated by the skin.
Because lactic acid molecules are larger than those of glycolic acid, they tend to stay closer to the surface of the skin. This allows them to exfoliate effectively while reducing the risk of irritation, stinging and barrier disruption.
Lactic acid also has humectant properties. This means it helps attract and retain water within the skin, making it particularly useful for dry, dehydrated or more sensitive skin types.
With consistent use, lactic acid can help improve:
• Dull or uneven skin tone
• Rough or flaky texture
• Dehydration related fine lines
• Mild pigmentation irregularities
• Congestion and surface build up
• Overall skin softness and brightness
It is especially useful for people who want visible glow and smoother texture without aggressive exfoliation.
Like other alpha hydroxy acids, lactic acid supports healthy cell turnover and encourages fibroblast activity over time. While its effects are more gradual than stronger acids, consistent use still supports collagen organisation and long term skin resilience.
Most people tolerate lactic acid well. Lower strength formulations can usually be used one to three times per week, depending on skin type, sensitivity and barrier health.
Higher concentration lactic acid peels should only be performed in a clinical setting under professional supervision.
People with very reactive skin, rosacea, eczema, compromised skin barriers or recent procedures should be assessed before introducing lactic acid into their routine.
Like all exfoliating acids, lactic acid increases sun sensitivity. Daily sunscreen use is essential when using products that contain it, even on days with minimal sun exposure.
Lactic acid is an excellent option for improving skin texture and brightness in a gentle, well tolerated way. It delivers many of the benefits of stronger exfoliating acids while remaining hydrating and suitable for more sensitive skin types.
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Written by Dr Brandon Kober-Brown MBBS, ProfDipMensHlth, GCCM
Registered Medical Practitioner (General Registration) MED0002581903
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